2025
Bruskotter, J., Vucetich, J., Carter, N., Murphy, S., Hinton, J., Elbroch, M., and R. Berl. 2025. Bridging social and ecological science to create spatially explicit models of human-caused mortality of carnivores. Ambio. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-025-02165-1
Salerno, J., Warrier, R., Breck, S.W., Carter, N.H., Berger, J., Barrett, B.J., Lukumay, J.R., Kaduma, J.F., Valenciano, A.J., Dickman, A.J., and K.R. Crooks. 2025. Beneficial spillover effects of anti-predation interventions support human-carnivore coexistence. Conservation Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13085
Ma, D., Halpern, B.S., Abrahms, B., Allgeier, J., Molinos, J.G., Free, C.M., Frazier, M., Kaschner, K., Weeks, B.C., and N.H. Carter. 2025. Strategic planning could reduce farm-scale mariculture impacts on marine biodiversity while expanding seafood production. Nat Ecol Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02650-6
Merz, L., Bergmann, N.T., Brown, C., Martin, J.V., Wardropper, C., Bruskotter, J.T., and N.H. Carter. 2025. State-level variation drives wolf management in the northwestern United States. Environmental Research: Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-664X/adafad
2024
Carter, N.H. and E. Di Minin. 2024. Carnivores as engines of sustainable development. PlOS Sustainability and Transformation 3(12): e0000151. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000151
Easter, T., Santo, A.R., Sage, A.H., Carter, N.H., Chan, K.M.A., and J.I Ransom. 2024. Divergent values and perspectives drive three distinct viewpoints on grizzly bear reintroduction in Washington, USA. People and Nature, https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10748
Fox, N., Di Minin, E., Carter, N.H. and Tomkins, S. 2024. Artificial Intelligence and Crowdsourced Social Media Data for Biodiversity. Advancements in Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Research and Practice: Integrating Disruptive Technologies and Innovation for Future Excellence, p.43.
Mills, K.L., Bennitt, E., Zhu, K., Bartlam-Brooks, H.L., Hubel, T.Y., Wilson, A.M., Carter, N.H. and Sanders, N.J., 2024. Dynamic primary resources, not just wild prey availability, underpin lion depredation of livestock in a savanna ecosystem. Ecology and evolution, 14(9), p.e70208. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70208
Ma, D., Abrahms, B., Allgeier, J., Newbold, T., Weeks, B.C. and Carter, N.H., 2024. Global expansion of human-wildlife overlap in the 21st century. Science Advances, 10(34), p.eadp7706. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp7706
Magliocca, N.R., Carter, N.H., Devine, J.A., Nielsen, E.A. and Sesnie, S.E., 2024. Jaguar conservation is caught in the crossfire of America's' War on Drugs'. Biological Conservation, 296, p.110687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110687
Feldmeier, D.E., Schmitz, O.J., Carter, N.H., Masunga, G.S., and K.D. Orrick. 2024. Predictions & perceptions: A social-ecological analysis of human-carnivore conflict in Botswana. Biological Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110615
Wardropper, C.B., Graves, R.A., Brandt, J., Burnham, M., Carter, N.H., Hale, R.L., Hillis, V., and M.A. Williamson. 2024. Private land conservation towards large landscape goals: Role of relational values, property rights orientations and perceived efficacy in ranchers' actions. People and Nature. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10628
Carter, N.H., Berti, E., Zuckerwise, A., and N.M.B. Pradhan. 2024. Energetics-based connectivity mapping reveals new conservation opportunities for the endangered tiger in Nepal. Animal Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12937
Easter, T., and N.H. Carter. 2024. Analysis of 20 years of turtle exports from the US reveals mixed effects of CITES and a need for better monitoring. Conservation Science and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13092
Chapman, M., Goldstein, B.R., Schell, C.J., Brashares, J.S., Carter, N.H., Ellis-Soto, D., Faxon, H.O., Goldstein, J.E., Halpern, B.S., Longdon, J., Norman, K.E.A., O'Rourke, D., Scoville, C., Xu, L., and Boettiger, C. 2024. Biodiversity monitoring for a just planetary future. Science, 383: 34-36. 10.1126/science.adh8874
2023
Ditmer, M.A., Carter, N.H., Hersey, K.R., Leclerc, M., Wittemyer, G. and Stoner, D.C., 2023. Navigating the wildland-urban interface: Sensory pollution and infrastructure effects on mule deer behavior and connectivity. Basic and Applied Ecology, 73, pp.62-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.002
Mills, K.L., Belant, J.L., Beukes, M., Dröge, E., Everatt, K.T., Fyumagwa, R., Green, D.S., Hayward, M.W., Holekamp, K.E., Radloff, F.G.T., Spong, G., Suraci, J.P., Van der Weyde, L.K., Wilmers, C.C., Carter, N.H., and Sanders, N.J., 2023. Tradeoffs between resources and risks shape the responses of a large carnivore to human disturbance. Communications Biology, 6(1), p.986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05321-z
Williamson, M.A., Parrott, L., Carter, N.H. and Ford, A.T., 2023. Implementation resistance and the human dimensions of connectivity planning. People and Nature. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10525
Carter, N.H., Wilson, E.C. and Gurung, B., 2023. Social networks of solitary carnivores: The case of endangered tigers and insights on their conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, p.e12976. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12976
Frank, K.M., Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C., Currie, W.S., Olson, D.D. and Carter, N.H., 2023. Dark roads aid movement but increase mortality of a generalist herbivore in the American Southwest. Ecosphere, 14(5), p.e4508. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4508
Wilson, E.C., Cousins, S., Etter, D.R., Humphreys, J.M., Roloff, G.J. and Carter, N.H., 2023. Habitat and climatic associations of climate‐sensitive species along a southern range boundary. Ecology and Evolution, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10083
Killion, A.K., Honda, A., Trout, E. and Carter, N.H., 2023. Integrating spaceborne estimates of structural diversity of habitat into wildlife occupancy models. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acce4d
Abrahms, B., Carter, N.H., Clark-Wolf, T.J. et al. 2023. Climate change as a global amplifier of human–wildlife conflict. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01608-5
Carter, N.H. and Linnell, J.D., 2023. Building a Resilient Coexistence with Wildlife in a More Crowded World. PNAS Nexus, https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad030
Carter, N.H., Zuckerwise, A., Pradhan, N.M.B., Subedi, N., Lamichhane, B.R., Hengaju, K.D., Acharya, H.B. and Kandel, R.C., 2023. Rapid behavioral responses of endangered tigers to major roads during COVID-19 lockdown. Global Ecology and Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02388
Easter, T., Trautmann, J., Gore, M. and Carter, N., 2023. Media portrayal of the illegal trade in wildlife: The case of turtles in the US and implications for conservation. People and Nature, https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10448
2022
Carter N.H., Pradhan N., Hengaju K., Sonawane C., Sage A.H., and V. Grimm. 2022. Forecasting effects of transport infrastructure on endangered tigers: a tool for conservation planning. PeerJ 10:e13472 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13472
Sage, A.H., Hillis, V., Graves, R.A., Burnham, M. and N.H. Carter. 2022. Paths of coexistence: Spatially predicting acceptance of grizzly bears along key movement corridors. Biological Conservation 266 p.109468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109468
2021
An, L., Bohnett, E., Battle, C., Dai, J., Lewison, R., Jankowski, P., Carter, N., Ghimire, D., Dhakal, M., Karki, J. and Zvoleff, A., 2021. Sex-Specific Habitat Suitability Modeling for Panthera tigris in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: Broader Conservation Implications. Sustainability, 13(24), p.13885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413885
Magliocca, N., Torres, A., Margulies, J., McSweeney, K., Arroyo-Quiroz, I., Carter, N., Curtin, K., Easter, T., Gore, M., Hübschle, A. and Massé, F., 2021. Comparative analysis of illicit supply network structure and operations: cocaine, wildlife, and sand. Journal of Illicit Economies and Development 3: 50–73. http://doi.org/10.31389/jied.76
Chinmay, C., Gidey, Y., and N.H. Carter. Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system. Journal of Applied Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14024
Bruskotter, J.T., Vucetich, J.A., Gilbert, S., Carter, N.H., and K.A George. 2021. Tragic trade-offs accompany carnivore coexistence in the modern world. Conservation Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12841
Ditmer, M.A., Francis, C.D., Barber, J.R., Stoner, D.C., Seymoure, B.M., Fristrup, K.M., and N.H. Carter. 2021. Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Vertebrate Species to Light and Noise Pollution: Expert Surveys Illuminate the Impacts on Specialist Species. Integrative and Comparative Biology. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab091
Carter, N.H., Nelson, P., and Easter, T.S., 2021. A call for a national collaborative predator coexistence programme. People and Nature. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10245
Wilson, A.A., Ditmer, M.A., Barber, J.R., Carter, N.H., Miller, E.T., Tyrrell, L.P. and Francis, C.D., 2021. Artificial night light and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale. Global Change Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15663
Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C. and Carter, N.H., 2021. Estimating the loss and fragmentation of dark environments in mammal ranges from light pollution. Biological Conservation, 257, p.109135.
Cove, M.V., Kays, R., ...Carter, N.H., and many others. 2021. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3353
Gilbert, S., Carter, N.H., and R. Naidoo. 2021. Predation services: quantifying societal effects of predators and their prey. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2336
König, H. J., Carter, N.H., Ceaușu, S., Lamb, C., Ford, A.T., and C. Kiffner. 2021. Human-wildlife coexistence in science and practice. Conservation Science and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.401
Keys, P.W., Barnes, E.A. and Carter, N.H., 2021. A machine-learning approach to human footprint index estimation with applications to sustainable development. Environmental Research Letters 16: 044061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe00a
Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C., Francis, C.D., Barber, J.R., Forester, J.D., Choate, D.M., Ironside, K.E, Longshore, K.M., Hersey, K.R., Larsen, R.T., McMillan, B.R., Olson, D.D., Andreasen, A.M., Beckmann, J.P., Brandon Holton, P., Messmer, T.A. and N.H. Carter. 2020. Artificial nightlight alters the predator-prey dynamics of an apex carnivore. Ecography. doi: 10.1111/ecog.05251
2020
Senzaki M., JR Barber, JN Phillips, NH Carter, CB Cooper, MA Ditmer, KM Fristrup, CJW McClure, DJ Mennitt, LP Tyrrell, J Vukomanovic, AA Wilson, & CD Francis. 2020. Sensory pollutants alter bird phenology and fitness across a continent. Nature. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2903-7
Killion, A.K., Ramirez, J.M., and N.H. Carter. 2020. Human adaptation strategies are key to cobenefits in human-wildlife systems. Conservation Letters. DOI: 10.1111/conl.12769
Ditmer, M.A., Iannarilli, F., Tri, A.N., Garshelis, D.L. and Carter, N.H. 2020. Artificial night light helps account for observer bias in citizen science monitoring of an expanding large mammal population. Journal of Animal Ecology. doi:10.1111/1365‐2656.13338
Lute, M.L., Carter, N.H., López-Bao, J.V., and J.D.C. Linnell. 2020. Conservation professionals' views on governing for coexistence with large carnivores. Biological Conservation 248. 108668
Easter, T., Bouley, P., and N.H. Carter. 2020. Intraguild dynamics of understudied carnivores in a human-altered landscape. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6290
Dominoni DM, W Halfwerk, E Baird, RT Buxton, E Fernandez-Juricic, KM Fristrup, MF McKenna, DJ Mennit, EK Perkin, BM Seymoure, DC Stoner, JB Tennessen, CA Toth, LP Tyrell, A Wilson, CD Francis, NH Carter & JR Barber. 2020. Why conservation biology can benefit from sensory ecology. Nature Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1135-4
Carter, N.H., Killion, A., Easter, T., Brandt, J., and Ford, A. 2020. Road development in Asia: range-wide risks to tigers. Science Advances. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9619.
Belote, T., Faurby, S, Brennan, A, Carter, N, Dietz, M, Hahn, B, McShea, WJ, and Gage. J. 2020. Mammal species composition reveals new insights into Earth’s remaining wilderness. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2192.
Carter, N.H., Baeza, A., and N. Magliocca. 2020. Emergent conservation outcomes of shared risk perception in human-wildlife systems. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13473.
Lute, M.L. and N.H. Carter. 2020. Are We Coexisting with Carnivores in the American West? Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 8:48. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00048
2019
Carter, N.H., Williamson, M.A., Gilbert, S., Lischka, S., Prugh, L.R., Lawler, J., Metcalf, A.L., Jacob, A., Beltran, B.J., Castro, A.J., Sage, A., and Burnham, M. 2019. Integrated spatial analysis for human-wildlife coexistence in the American West. Environmental Research Letters. 15: 021001
Expósito-Granados, M., Castro, A.J., Lozano, J., Aznar-Sanchez, J.A., Carter, N.H., Requena-Mullor, J.M., Malo, A.F., Olszańska, A., Morales-Reyes, Z., Moleon, M. and Sánchez-Zapata, J.A. 2019. Human-carnivore relations: conflicts, tolerance and coexistence in the American West. Environmental Research Letters. 14: 123005.
Marescot, L., Lyet, A., Singh, R., Carter, N.H., and O. Gimenez. 2019. Inferring wildlife poaching in southeast Asia with multispecies dynamic occupancy models. Ecography. doi: 10.1111/ecog.04536
Jones, K., Abrams, J., Belote, T., Beltran, B.J., Brandt, J., Carter, N.H., Castro, A.J., Chaffin, B.C., Metcalf, A.L., Roche-McNally, G. and Wallen, K.E., 2019. The American West as a social-ecological region: Drivers, dynamics and implications for nested social-ecological systems. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4562
Carter, N.H., Grimm, V., and S. Levin. 2019. Effects of human-induced prey depletion on large carnivores in protected areas: lessons from modelling tiger populations in stylized spatial scenarios. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5632.
Killion, A.K., Dixon, A., Gilbert, J., Torralba, M., Greiner, P.T. and A.P. Behrer. 2019. Designing spatiotemporal multifunctional landscapes to support dynamic wildlife conservation. Journal of Land Use Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2019.1601780
Easter, T., Bouley, P., and N.H. Carter. 2019. Opportunities for biodiversity conservation outside of Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique: A multispecies approach. Biological Conservation 232: 217-227
Bouyer, J., Carter, N.H, Batavia, C., and M. P. Nelson. 2019. The ethics of eradicating harmful species – the case of the tsetse fly. BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy155 (February issue cover).
2018
Killion, A. K., K. Sterle, E. Bondank, J. Drabik, A. Bera, S. Alian, K. Goodrich, M. Hale, R. A. Myer, Q. Phung, A. M. Shew, and A. W. Thayer. 2018. Preparing the next generation of sustainability scientists. Ecology and Society 23(4):39. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10395-230439
Ceausu, S., Graves, R., Killion, A., Svenning, J., and N.H. Carter. 2018. Governing trade-offs in ecosystem services and disservices to achieve human-wildlife coexistence. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13241
Killion, A., Lindquist, E., Melvin, T.A., and N.H. Carter. 2018. Tracking a half-century of media reporting on gray wolves. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13225
Bouley, P., M. Poulos, R. Branco, and N.H. Carter. 2018. Post-war recovery of the African lion in response to large-scale ecosystem restoration. Biological Conservation 227: 233-242.
Guerrero, A. M., N. J. Bennett, K. A. Wilson, N. Carter, D. Gill, M. Mills, C. D. Ives, M. J. Selinske, C. Larrosa, S. Bekessy, F. A. Januchowski-Hartley, H. Travers, C. A. Wyborn, and A. Nuno. 2018. Achieving the promise of integration in social-ecological research: a review and prospectus. Ecology and Society 23(3):38.
Gaynor, K.M., Hojnowski, C.E., Carter, N.H., and J.S. Brashares. 2018. The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. Science 360: 1232-1235
Carter, N.H., Bouley, P., Moore, S., Poulos, M., Bouyer, J., and S. Pimm. 2018. Climate change, disease range shifts, and the future of the Africa lion. Conservation Biology. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13102
Easter, T., Killion, A., and N.H. Carter. 2018. Climate change, cattle, and the challenge of sustainability in a telecoupled system in Africa. Ecology and Society. 23(1): 10. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09872-230110
O’Bryan, C., Beyer, H.L., Braczkowski, A.R., Carter, N.H., Watson, J.E.M., and E. McDonald-Madden. 2018. The contribution of predators and scavengers to human health and well-being. Nature Ecology and Evolution 2: 229–236
Lute, M.L., Carter, N.H., López-Bao, J.V. and Linnell, J.D. 2018. Conservation professionals agree on challenges to coexisting with large carnivores but not on solutions. Biological Conservation 218: 223-232.
2017
Bruskotter, J. T., J. A. Vucetich, G. Karns, M. J. Manfredo, C. Wolf, K. Ard, N. H. Carter, J. Lopez-Bao, S. Gehrt, and W. J. Ripple. 2017. Modernization, risk and conservation of the world’s largest carnivores. BioScience. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix049.
Carter, N.H. 2017. Evolution and complexity in biotic systems and human cultures. Review of Book "Complexity" in BioScience 67: 92-95.
Carter, N.H., J.V. López-Bao, J.T. Bruskotter, M. Gore, G. Chapron, A. Johnson, Y. Epstein, M. Shrestha, J. Frank, O. Ohrens, and A. Treves. 2017. A conceptual framework for understanding illegal killing of large carnivores. AMBIO 46: 251-264.
2016
Carter, N.H. and J.D.C. Linnell. 2016. Mainstreaming Coexistence with Wildlife: Reply to Gallagher. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.007
Carter, N.H. and T. Allendorf. 2016. Gendered perceptions of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Biological Conservation 202: 69-77.
Carter, N.H. and J.D.C. Linnell. 2016. Co-adaptation is key to coexisting with large carnivores. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.05.006.
Inskip, C., N.H. Carter, S.J. Riley, Z. Fahad, T. Roberts, and D. MacMillan. 2016. Towards human-carnivore coexistence: understanding tolerance for tigers in Bangladesh. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145913.
Carter, N., An, L., and Liu, J. 2016. Cross-site synthesis of complexity in coupled human and natural systems, in: Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. (Eds.), Pandas and People: Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 278.
Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., An, L., Carter, N., Chen, X., Liu, W, Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. 2016. Lessons from local studies for global sustainability, in: Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. (Eds.), Pandas and People: Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 278.
Liu, J., Hull, V., Carter, N., Viña, A., and Yang, W., 2016. Framing sustainability of coupled human and natural systems, in: Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. (Eds.), Pandas and People: Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 278.
2015
Carter, N.H., S. Levin, A. Barlow, and V. Grimm. 2015. Modeling tiger population and territory dynamics using an agent-based approach. Ecological Modelling 312: 347-362.
Carter, N.H., M. Jasny, B. Gurung, and J. Liu. 2015. Impacts of people and tigers on leopard spatiotemporal activity patterns in a global biodiversity hotspot. Global Ecology and Conservation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2014.11.013.
2014
Carter, N.H., A. Viña, V. Hull, W. McConnell, W. Axinn, D. Ghimire, and J. Liu. 2014. Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation. Ecology and Society 19(3):43.
Carter, N.H., S.J. Riley, A. Shortridge, B. Shrestha, and J. Liu. 2014. Spatial assessment of attitudes toward tigers in Nepal. AMBIO 43: 125-137. (March cover issue)
2013
Carter, N.H., B. Gurung, A. Viña, H. Campa III, J. Liu, and J. Karki. 2013. Assessing spatiotemporal changes in tiger habitat across different land management regimes. Ecosphere 4:art124.
Carter, N.H., B. Shrestha, J. Karki, N. Pradhan, and J. Liu. 2013. Reply to Goswami et al., Karanth et al., and Harihar et al.: Fine-scale interactions between tigers and people. PNAS. doi:10.1073/pnas.1217414110.
2012
Carter, N.H., B. Shrestha, J. Karki, N. Pradhan, and J. Liu. 2012. Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales. PNAS 109: 15360-15365. (Highlight in Nature 489:181 and recommended by Faculty of 1000).
Carter, N.H., S.J. Riley, J. Liu. 2012. Utility of a psychological framework for carnivore conservation. Oryx 46: 525-535.
2010
Carter, N.H., Brown, D.G., Etter, D.R., and L.G. Visser. 2010. American black bear habitat selection in northern Lower Peninsula, Michigan, USA, using discrete-choice modeling. URSUS 21: 57-71.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS
Carter, N.H. 2012. Small Numbers – Large Impacts: Conserving Tigers in Nepal. Box 13.1, page 178 in Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management.
Decker, D. J., Riley, S. J., & Siemer, W. F. (Eds.). Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
Carter, N.H. 2012. Coupled human and natural systems approach to tiger conservation in Chitwan National Park, Nepal and beyond. Final report for NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program project No. NNX09AO34H.
Carter, N.H., J. Liu. 2012. Coupled human and natural systems approach to tiger conservation in Chitwan National Park, Nepal and beyond. Final report for USFWS Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund project No. F10AP00320.
Carter, N.H. 2011. Tiger Tales: Evaluating wildlife acceptance capacity in Nepal. MSU Fisheries and Wildlife SPOTLIGHT. Issue 7. Pages 17 – 19.
Bruskotter, J., Vucetich, J., Carter, N., Murphy, S., Hinton, J., Elbroch, M., and R. Berl. 2025. Bridging social and ecological science to create spatially explicit models of human-caused mortality of carnivores. Ambio. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-025-02165-1
Salerno, J., Warrier, R., Breck, S.W., Carter, N.H., Berger, J., Barrett, B.J., Lukumay, J.R., Kaduma, J.F., Valenciano, A.J., Dickman, A.J., and K.R. Crooks. 2025. Beneficial spillover effects of anti-predation interventions support human-carnivore coexistence. Conservation Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13085
Ma, D., Halpern, B.S., Abrahms, B., Allgeier, J., Molinos, J.G., Free, C.M., Frazier, M., Kaschner, K., Weeks, B.C., and N.H. Carter. 2025. Strategic planning could reduce farm-scale mariculture impacts on marine biodiversity while expanding seafood production. Nat Ecol Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02650-6
Merz, L., Bergmann, N.T., Brown, C., Martin, J.V., Wardropper, C., Bruskotter, J.T., and N.H. Carter. 2025. State-level variation drives wolf management in the northwestern United States. Environmental Research: Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-664X/adafad
2024
Carter, N.H. and E. Di Minin. 2024. Carnivores as engines of sustainable development. PlOS Sustainability and Transformation 3(12): e0000151. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000151
Easter, T., Santo, A.R., Sage, A.H., Carter, N.H., Chan, K.M.A., and J.I Ransom. 2024. Divergent values and perspectives drive three distinct viewpoints on grizzly bear reintroduction in Washington, USA. People and Nature, https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10748
Fox, N., Di Minin, E., Carter, N.H. and Tomkins, S. 2024. Artificial Intelligence and Crowdsourced Social Media Data for Biodiversity. Advancements in Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Research and Practice: Integrating Disruptive Technologies and Innovation for Future Excellence, p.43.
Mills, K.L., Bennitt, E., Zhu, K., Bartlam-Brooks, H.L., Hubel, T.Y., Wilson, A.M., Carter, N.H. and Sanders, N.J., 2024. Dynamic primary resources, not just wild prey availability, underpin lion depredation of livestock in a savanna ecosystem. Ecology and evolution, 14(9), p.e70208. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70208
Ma, D., Abrahms, B., Allgeier, J., Newbold, T., Weeks, B.C. and Carter, N.H., 2024. Global expansion of human-wildlife overlap in the 21st century. Science Advances, 10(34), p.eadp7706. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp7706
Magliocca, N.R., Carter, N.H., Devine, J.A., Nielsen, E.A. and Sesnie, S.E., 2024. Jaguar conservation is caught in the crossfire of America's' War on Drugs'. Biological Conservation, 296, p.110687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110687
Feldmeier, D.E., Schmitz, O.J., Carter, N.H., Masunga, G.S., and K.D. Orrick. 2024. Predictions & perceptions: A social-ecological analysis of human-carnivore conflict in Botswana. Biological Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110615
Wardropper, C.B., Graves, R.A., Brandt, J., Burnham, M., Carter, N.H., Hale, R.L., Hillis, V., and M.A. Williamson. 2024. Private land conservation towards large landscape goals: Role of relational values, property rights orientations and perceived efficacy in ranchers' actions. People and Nature. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10628
Carter, N.H., Berti, E., Zuckerwise, A., and N.M.B. Pradhan. 2024. Energetics-based connectivity mapping reveals new conservation opportunities for the endangered tiger in Nepal. Animal Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12937
Easter, T., and N.H. Carter. 2024. Analysis of 20 years of turtle exports from the US reveals mixed effects of CITES and a need for better monitoring. Conservation Science and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13092
Chapman, M., Goldstein, B.R., Schell, C.J., Brashares, J.S., Carter, N.H., Ellis-Soto, D., Faxon, H.O., Goldstein, J.E., Halpern, B.S., Longdon, J., Norman, K.E.A., O'Rourke, D., Scoville, C., Xu, L., and Boettiger, C. 2024. Biodiversity monitoring for a just planetary future. Science, 383: 34-36. 10.1126/science.adh8874
2023
Ditmer, M.A., Carter, N.H., Hersey, K.R., Leclerc, M., Wittemyer, G. and Stoner, D.C., 2023. Navigating the wildland-urban interface: Sensory pollution and infrastructure effects on mule deer behavior and connectivity. Basic and Applied Ecology, 73, pp.62-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.002
Mills, K.L., Belant, J.L., Beukes, M., Dröge, E., Everatt, K.T., Fyumagwa, R., Green, D.S., Hayward, M.W., Holekamp, K.E., Radloff, F.G.T., Spong, G., Suraci, J.P., Van der Weyde, L.K., Wilmers, C.C., Carter, N.H., and Sanders, N.J., 2023. Tradeoffs between resources and risks shape the responses of a large carnivore to human disturbance. Communications Biology, 6(1), p.986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05321-z
Williamson, M.A., Parrott, L., Carter, N.H. and Ford, A.T., 2023. Implementation resistance and the human dimensions of connectivity planning. People and Nature. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10525
Carter, N.H., Wilson, E.C. and Gurung, B., 2023. Social networks of solitary carnivores: The case of endangered tigers and insights on their conservation. Conservation Science and Practice, p.e12976. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12976
Frank, K.M., Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C., Currie, W.S., Olson, D.D. and Carter, N.H., 2023. Dark roads aid movement but increase mortality of a generalist herbivore in the American Southwest. Ecosphere, 14(5), p.e4508. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4508
Wilson, E.C., Cousins, S., Etter, D.R., Humphreys, J.M., Roloff, G.J. and Carter, N.H., 2023. Habitat and climatic associations of climate‐sensitive species along a southern range boundary. Ecology and Evolution, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10083
Killion, A.K., Honda, A., Trout, E. and Carter, N.H., 2023. Integrating spaceborne estimates of structural diversity of habitat into wildlife occupancy models. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acce4d
Abrahms, B., Carter, N.H., Clark-Wolf, T.J. et al. 2023. Climate change as a global amplifier of human–wildlife conflict. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01608-5
Carter, N.H. and Linnell, J.D., 2023. Building a Resilient Coexistence with Wildlife in a More Crowded World. PNAS Nexus, https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad030
Carter, N.H., Zuckerwise, A., Pradhan, N.M.B., Subedi, N., Lamichhane, B.R., Hengaju, K.D., Acharya, H.B. and Kandel, R.C., 2023. Rapid behavioral responses of endangered tigers to major roads during COVID-19 lockdown. Global Ecology and Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02388
Easter, T., Trautmann, J., Gore, M. and Carter, N., 2023. Media portrayal of the illegal trade in wildlife: The case of turtles in the US and implications for conservation. People and Nature, https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10448
2022
Carter N.H., Pradhan N., Hengaju K., Sonawane C., Sage A.H., and V. Grimm. 2022. Forecasting effects of transport infrastructure on endangered tigers: a tool for conservation planning. PeerJ 10:e13472 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13472
Sage, A.H., Hillis, V., Graves, R.A., Burnham, M. and N.H. Carter. 2022. Paths of coexistence: Spatially predicting acceptance of grizzly bears along key movement corridors. Biological Conservation 266 p.109468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109468
2021
An, L., Bohnett, E., Battle, C., Dai, J., Lewison, R., Jankowski, P., Carter, N., Ghimire, D., Dhakal, M., Karki, J. and Zvoleff, A., 2021. Sex-Specific Habitat Suitability Modeling for Panthera tigris in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: Broader Conservation Implications. Sustainability, 13(24), p.13885. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413885
Magliocca, N., Torres, A., Margulies, J., McSweeney, K., Arroyo-Quiroz, I., Carter, N., Curtin, K., Easter, T., Gore, M., Hübschle, A. and Massé, F., 2021. Comparative analysis of illicit supply network structure and operations: cocaine, wildlife, and sand. Journal of Illicit Economies and Development 3: 50–73. http://doi.org/10.31389/jied.76
Chinmay, C., Gidey, Y., and N.H. Carter. Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system. Journal of Applied Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14024
Bruskotter, J.T., Vucetich, J.A., Gilbert, S., Carter, N.H., and K.A George. 2021. Tragic trade-offs accompany carnivore coexistence in the modern world. Conservation Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12841
Ditmer, M.A., Francis, C.D., Barber, J.R., Stoner, D.C., Seymoure, B.M., Fristrup, K.M., and N.H. Carter. 2021. Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Vertebrate Species to Light and Noise Pollution: Expert Surveys Illuminate the Impacts on Specialist Species. Integrative and Comparative Biology. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab091
Carter, N.H., Nelson, P., and Easter, T.S., 2021. A call for a national collaborative predator coexistence programme. People and Nature. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10245
Wilson, A.A., Ditmer, M.A., Barber, J.R., Carter, N.H., Miller, E.T., Tyrrell, L.P. and Francis, C.D., 2021. Artificial night light and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale. Global Change Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15663
Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C. and Carter, N.H., 2021. Estimating the loss and fragmentation of dark environments in mammal ranges from light pollution. Biological Conservation, 257, p.109135.
Cove, M.V., Kays, R., ...Carter, N.H., and many others. 2021. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3353
Gilbert, S., Carter, N.H., and R. Naidoo. 2021. Predation services: quantifying societal effects of predators and their prey. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2336
König, H. J., Carter, N.H., Ceaușu, S., Lamb, C., Ford, A.T., and C. Kiffner. 2021. Human-wildlife coexistence in science and practice. Conservation Science and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.401
Keys, P.W., Barnes, E.A. and Carter, N.H., 2021. A machine-learning approach to human footprint index estimation with applications to sustainable development. Environmental Research Letters 16: 044061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe00a
Ditmer, M.A., Stoner, D.C., Francis, C.D., Barber, J.R., Forester, J.D., Choate, D.M., Ironside, K.E, Longshore, K.M., Hersey, K.R., Larsen, R.T., McMillan, B.R., Olson, D.D., Andreasen, A.M., Beckmann, J.P., Brandon Holton, P., Messmer, T.A. and N.H. Carter. 2020. Artificial nightlight alters the predator-prey dynamics of an apex carnivore. Ecography. doi: 10.1111/ecog.05251
2020
Senzaki M., JR Barber, JN Phillips, NH Carter, CB Cooper, MA Ditmer, KM Fristrup, CJW McClure, DJ Mennitt, LP Tyrrell, J Vukomanovic, AA Wilson, & CD Francis. 2020. Sensory pollutants alter bird phenology and fitness across a continent. Nature. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2903-7
Killion, A.K., Ramirez, J.M., and N.H. Carter. 2020. Human adaptation strategies are key to cobenefits in human-wildlife systems. Conservation Letters. DOI: 10.1111/conl.12769
Ditmer, M.A., Iannarilli, F., Tri, A.N., Garshelis, D.L. and Carter, N.H. 2020. Artificial night light helps account for observer bias in citizen science monitoring of an expanding large mammal population. Journal of Animal Ecology. doi:10.1111/1365‐2656.13338
Lute, M.L., Carter, N.H., López-Bao, J.V., and J.D.C. Linnell. 2020. Conservation professionals' views on governing for coexistence with large carnivores. Biological Conservation 248. 108668
Easter, T., Bouley, P., and N.H. Carter. 2020. Intraguild dynamics of understudied carnivores in a human-altered landscape. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6290
Dominoni DM, W Halfwerk, E Baird, RT Buxton, E Fernandez-Juricic, KM Fristrup, MF McKenna, DJ Mennit, EK Perkin, BM Seymoure, DC Stoner, JB Tennessen, CA Toth, LP Tyrell, A Wilson, CD Francis, NH Carter & JR Barber. 2020. Why conservation biology can benefit from sensory ecology. Nature Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1135-4
Carter, N.H., Killion, A., Easter, T., Brandt, J., and Ford, A. 2020. Road development in Asia: range-wide risks to tigers. Science Advances. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9619.
Belote, T., Faurby, S, Brennan, A, Carter, N, Dietz, M, Hahn, B, McShea, WJ, and Gage. J. 2020. Mammal species composition reveals new insights into Earth’s remaining wilderness. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2192.
Carter, N.H., Baeza, A., and N. Magliocca. 2020. Emergent conservation outcomes of shared risk perception in human-wildlife systems. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13473.
Lute, M.L. and N.H. Carter. 2020. Are We Coexisting with Carnivores in the American West? Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 8:48. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00048
2019
Carter, N.H., Williamson, M.A., Gilbert, S., Lischka, S., Prugh, L.R., Lawler, J., Metcalf, A.L., Jacob, A., Beltran, B.J., Castro, A.J., Sage, A., and Burnham, M. 2019. Integrated spatial analysis for human-wildlife coexistence in the American West. Environmental Research Letters. 15: 021001
Expósito-Granados, M., Castro, A.J., Lozano, J., Aznar-Sanchez, J.A., Carter, N.H., Requena-Mullor, J.M., Malo, A.F., Olszańska, A., Morales-Reyes, Z., Moleon, M. and Sánchez-Zapata, J.A. 2019. Human-carnivore relations: conflicts, tolerance and coexistence in the American West. Environmental Research Letters. 14: 123005.
Marescot, L., Lyet, A., Singh, R., Carter, N.H., and O. Gimenez. 2019. Inferring wildlife poaching in southeast Asia with multispecies dynamic occupancy models. Ecography. doi: 10.1111/ecog.04536
Jones, K., Abrams, J., Belote, T., Beltran, B.J., Brandt, J., Carter, N.H., Castro, A.J., Chaffin, B.C., Metcalf, A.L., Roche-McNally, G. and Wallen, K.E., 2019. The American West as a social-ecological region: Drivers, dynamics and implications for nested social-ecological systems. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4562
Carter, N.H., Grimm, V., and S. Levin. 2019. Effects of human-induced prey depletion on large carnivores in protected areas: lessons from modelling tiger populations in stylized spatial scenarios. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5632.
Killion, A.K., Dixon, A., Gilbert, J., Torralba, M., Greiner, P.T. and A.P. Behrer. 2019. Designing spatiotemporal multifunctional landscapes to support dynamic wildlife conservation. Journal of Land Use Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2019.1601780
Easter, T., Bouley, P., and N.H. Carter. 2019. Opportunities for biodiversity conservation outside of Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique: A multispecies approach. Biological Conservation 232: 217-227
Bouyer, J., Carter, N.H, Batavia, C., and M. P. Nelson. 2019. The ethics of eradicating harmful species – the case of the tsetse fly. BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy155 (February issue cover).
2018
Killion, A. K., K. Sterle, E. Bondank, J. Drabik, A. Bera, S. Alian, K. Goodrich, M. Hale, R. A. Myer, Q. Phung, A. M. Shew, and A. W. Thayer. 2018. Preparing the next generation of sustainability scientists. Ecology and Society 23(4):39. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10395-230439
Ceausu, S., Graves, R., Killion, A., Svenning, J., and N.H. Carter. 2018. Governing trade-offs in ecosystem services and disservices to achieve human-wildlife coexistence. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13241
Killion, A., Lindquist, E., Melvin, T.A., and N.H. Carter. 2018. Tracking a half-century of media reporting on gray wolves. Conservation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13225
Bouley, P., M. Poulos, R. Branco, and N.H. Carter. 2018. Post-war recovery of the African lion in response to large-scale ecosystem restoration. Biological Conservation 227: 233-242.
Guerrero, A. M., N. J. Bennett, K. A. Wilson, N. Carter, D. Gill, M. Mills, C. D. Ives, M. J. Selinske, C. Larrosa, S. Bekessy, F. A. Januchowski-Hartley, H. Travers, C. A. Wyborn, and A. Nuno. 2018. Achieving the promise of integration in social-ecological research: a review and prospectus. Ecology and Society 23(3):38.
Gaynor, K.M., Hojnowski, C.E., Carter, N.H., and J.S. Brashares. 2018. The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. Science 360: 1232-1235
Carter, N.H., Bouley, P., Moore, S., Poulos, M., Bouyer, J., and S. Pimm. 2018. Climate change, disease range shifts, and the future of the Africa lion. Conservation Biology. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13102
Easter, T., Killion, A., and N.H. Carter. 2018. Climate change, cattle, and the challenge of sustainability in a telecoupled system in Africa. Ecology and Society. 23(1): 10. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09872-230110
O’Bryan, C., Beyer, H.L., Braczkowski, A.R., Carter, N.H., Watson, J.E.M., and E. McDonald-Madden. 2018. The contribution of predators and scavengers to human health and well-being. Nature Ecology and Evolution 2: 229–236
Lute, M.L., Carter, N.H., López-Bao, J.V. and Linnell, J.D. 2018. Conservation professionals agree on challenges to coexisting with large carnivores but not on solutions. Biological Conservation 218: 223-232.
2017
Bruskotter, J. T., J. A. Vucetich, G. Karns, M. J. Manfredo, C. Wolf, K. Ard, N. H. Carter, J. Lopez-Bao, S. Gehrt, and W. J. Ripple. 2017. Modernization, risk and conservation of the world’s largest carnivores. BioScience. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix049.
Carter, N.H. 2017. Evolution and complexity in biotic systems and human cultures. Review of Book "Complexity" in BioScience 67: 92-95.
Carter, N.H., J.V. López-Bao, J.T. Bruskotter, M. Gore, G. Chapron, A. Johnson, Y. Epstein, M. Shrestha, J. Frank, O. Ohrens, and A. Treves. 2017. A conceptual framework for understanding illegal killing of large carnivores. AMBIO 46: 251-264.
2016
Carter, N.H. and J.D.C. Linnell. 2016. Mainstreaming Coexistence with Wildlife: Reply to Gallagher. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.007
Carter, N.H. and T. Allendorf. 2016. Gendered perceptions of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Biological Conservation 202: 69-77.
Carter, N.H. and J.D.C. Linnell. 2016. Co-adaptation is key to coexisting with large carnivores. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.05.006.
Inskip, C., N.H. Carter, S.J. Riley, Z. Fahad, T. Roberts, and D. MacMillan. 2016. Towards human-carnivore coexistence: understanding tolerance for tigers in Bangladesh. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145913.
Carter, N., An, L., and Liu, J. 2016. Cross-site synthesis of complexity in coupled human and natural systems, in: Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. (Eds.), Pandas and People: Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 278.
Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., An, L., Carter, N., Chen, X., Liu, W, Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. 2016. Lessons from local studies for global sustainability, in: Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. (Eds.), Pandas and People: Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 278.
Liu, J., Hull, V., Carter, N., Viña, A., and Yang, W., 2016. Framing sustainability of coupled human and natural systems, in: Liu, J., Hull, V., Yang, W., Viña, A., Ouyang, Z., and Zhang, H. (Eds.), Pandas and People: Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 278.
2015
Carter, N.H., S. Levin, A. Barlow, and V. Grimm. 2015. Modeling tiger population and territory dynamics using an agent-based approach. Ecological Modelling 312: 347-362.
Carter, N.H., M. Jasny, B. Gurung, and J. Liu. 2015. Impacts of people and tigers on leopard spatiotemporal activity patterns in a global biodiversity hotspot. Global Ecology and Conservation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2014.11.013.
2014
Carter, N.H., A. Viña, V. Hull, W. McConnell, W. Axinn, D. Ghimire, and J. Liu. 2014. Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation. Ecology and Society 19(3):43.
Carter, N.H., S.J. Riley, A. Shortridge, B. Shrestha, and J. Liu. 2014. Spatial assessment of attitudes toward tigers in Nepal. AMBIO 43: 125-137. (March cover issue)
2013
Carter, N.H., B. Gurung, A. Viña, H. Campa III, J. Liu, and J. Karki. 2013. Assessing spatiotemporal changes in tiger habitat across different land management regimes. Ecosphere 4:art124.
Carter, N.H., B. Shrestha, J. Karki, N. Pradhan, and J. Liu. 2013. Reply to Goswami et al., Karanth et al., and Harihar et al.: Fine-scale interactions between tigers and people. PNAS. doi:10.1073/pnas.1217414110.
2012
Carter, N.H., B. Shrestha, J. Karki, N. Pradhan, and J. Liu. 2012. Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales. PNAS 109: 15360-15365. (Highlight in Nature 489:181 and recommended by Faculty of 1000).
Carter, N.H., S.J. Riley, J. Liu. 2012. Utility of a psychological framework for carnivore conservation. Oryx 46: 525-535.
2010
Carter, N.H., Brown, D.G., Etter, D.R., and L.G. Visser. 2010. American black bear habitat selection in northern Lower Peninsula, Michigan, USA, using discrete-choice modeling. URSUS 21: 57-71.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS
Carter, N.H. 2012. Small Numbers – Large Impacts: Conserving Tigers in Nepal. Box 13.1, page 178 in Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management.
Decker, D. J., Riley, S. J., & Siemer, W. F. (Eds.). Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
Carter, N.H. 2012. Coupled human and natural systems approach to tiger conservation in Chitwan National Park, Nepal and beyond. Final report for NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program project No. NNX09AO34H.
Carter, N.H., J. Liu. 2012. Coupled human and natural systems approach to tiger conservation in Chitwan National Park, Nepal and beyond. Final report for USFWS Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund project No. F10AP00320.
Carter, N.H. 2011. Tiger Tales: Evaluating wildlife acceptance capacity in Nepal. MSU Fisheries and Wildlife SPOTLIGHT. Issue 7. Pages 17 – 19.
Header image credit: Michigan State University
